Figure 12.1: An inertial frame and a moving frame.

Figure 12.2: A multi-body system.

Figure 12.3: An inertial frame and a moving fame.

Figure 12.4: A multi-body system.

Figure 12.5: Joint Kinematics.

Figure 12.6: A Revolute Joint.

Figure 12.7: A Universal Joint.

Figure 12.8: A Ball Join.

Figure 12.9: A multi-body system.

Figure SP12.1a: A Polar Manipulator.

Figure SP12.1c: A Polar Manipulator.

Figure SP12.2a: A 2D Manipulator.

Figure SP12.2c: A 2D Manipulator.

Figure SP12.3a: A 3D Manipulator.

Figure SP12.3c: A 3D Manipulator.

Figure SP12.4: A Polar Manipulator.

Figure SP12.5: A 2D Manipulator.

Figure SP12.6: A 3D Manipulator.

Figure SP12.7: A Polar Manipulator.

Figure SP12.8: A 3D Manipulator.